我是outman-山丹丹花开红艳艳

By MICHAEL WINES

Published: November 3, 2009

BEIJING — Qian Xuesen, a brilliant rocket scientist who single-handedly led China’s space and military rocketry efforts after he was drummed out of the United States during the redbaiting of the McCarthy era, died on Saturday in Beijing. He was 98.

China’s state media reported the death. Mr. Qian had been frail and bedridden in recent years.

In China, Mr. Qian was celebrated as the father of Chinese rocketry, the leader of the research that produced the nation’s first ballistic missiles, its first satellite and the Silkworm anti-ship missile.

But in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s, he was no less valuable, if not so publicly celebrated, as a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology.

As a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and later as a scientist and teacher at the California Institute of Technology, Mr. Qian, also known as Tsien Hsue-shen, played a central role in early United States’ efforts to exploit jet and rocket propulsion.

As a graduate assistant at Caltech in the late 1930s, Mr. Qian helped conduct seminal research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s he helped found the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’s premier space-exploration centers.

Mr. Qian served on the United States government’s Science Advisory Board during World War II. On the war front in Germany, he advised the Army on ballistic-missile guidance technology. At the war’s end, holding the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel, he debriefed Nazi scientists, including Werner von Braun, and was sent to analyze Hitler’s V-2 rocket facilities.

In the 1940s his mentor and colleague, the Caltech physicist Theodore von Karman, called Mr. Qian “an undisputed genius whose work was providing an enormous impetus to advances in high-speed aerodynamics and jet propulsion.” In 1949, Mr. Qian wrote a proposal for a winged space plane that the magazine Aviation Week and Space Technology, in 2007, called an inspiration for research that led to NASA’s space shuttle.

But by 1950 his American career was over. Shortly after applying for permission to visit his parents in the newly Communist China, he was stripped of his security clearance by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and accused of secretly being a Communist. The charge was based on a 1938 document of the Communist Party of the United States that showed he had attended a social gathering that the F.B.I. suspected was a meeting of the Pasadena Communist Party.

Mr. Qian denied the charges, his Caltech colleagues came to his defense, and the university hired a lawyer to assist him. Mr. Qian first sought to return to China but was placed under virtual house arrest by the government; later, he sought to stay and fight the accusations, but the government sought to deport him.

In 1955, Mr. Qian was sent back to China, where he was proclaimed a hero and immediately put to work developing Chinese rocketry. By many accounts, he later became a committed Communist and served on the party’s ruling body, the Central Committee.

The loyalty allegations have never been fully resolved. Aviation Week, which named Mr. Qian its man of the year in 2007, quoted Dan Kimball, a former under secretary of the Navy, as calling Mr. Qian’s deportation “the stupidest thing this country ever did.” A 1999 United States Congress report on Chinese espionage called Mr. Qian a spy, but critics say the report provides no basis other than a claim that he passed to China the secrets of the American Titan missile program, which began years after he had been deported.

Qian Xuesen was born in 1911, as the Chinese imperial government was collapsing, in Hangzhou, in eastern China. He earned a mechanical engineering degree in 1934 in Shanghai. At the age of 23 he went to the United States on a scholarship to study aeronautical engineering at M.I.T. Later, at Caltech’s Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory, Mr. Qian met Mr. von Karman, who recommended him for the Science Advisory Board and gave him the lead role in research that developed the first American solid-fuel rocket to be successfully launched.

After his deportation, Mr. Qian wrote a position paper for Chinese leaders on aviation and defense, according to the state-run news service Xinhua.

Under his leadership, China developed its first generation of “Long March” missiles and, in 1970, launched its first satellite. Most of China’s recent space achievements, like its manned space program, began long after Mr. Qian’s retirement.

Mr. Qian never returned to the United States. In a 2002 published reminiscence, a Caltech colleague and professor, Frank Marble, stated that he believed that Mr. Qian had “lost faith in the American government” but that he had “always had very warm feelings for the American people.”

Caltech gave Mr. Qian its distinguished alumni award in 2001.

我妹出去上班，骑车还没有出小区，刚拐弯，就发现了一只小猫。

我见到这个猫的时候，已经是2天后的附近一个动物医院。

根据兽医的说法，这个小家伙最多三周。我看也很小。

如果你见过小猫，这个时候，他们的也就是你的手掌那么大小。发现的时候，他有猫瘟，眼睛一只完全被分泌物遮挡，全身都是虫子，瘦的只有影子了。

原来我家有只猫，我们养了12年，后来死于口腔和牙齿。

我头一次没有经验，其实他完全可以安全的乐和的长寿的。我们都叫他树根。

我现在记得的我让我哭的事情，就是这个了。

到了最后，我妹比我还喜欢猫。真是环境影响。

看了这个小家伙，我感觉似乎又看到树根了。心里很酸楚。不知道怎么的，希望他能挺过来。因为，不用医生说。我也知道猫瘟是多么致命。

该死的猫妈妈不知道怎么的就抛弃了这个小东西。在医院里他还就只能一动不动的呆着，因为没有力气。

看护的小伙子我现在还记得，特别的热情，特别的有爱心。专门的看着这个小生命。因为有传染病，他不能和别的动物一起放。还要打点滴，真的是很累人的。

然后我就回家了。以后忙，也没有时间再看这个小家伙。但是好消息是，他居然熬过来了。我再次听到他的消息是，他已经完全的UP AND ABOUT了。据说健康的和机器猫

有一拼了。

还被一个爱猫人士给领养了。

忘记说了。这个猫是野猫。哈

真是好归宿，可是我很想看他健康的身姿。

一直也没有联系到那个领养的人。

算了，

相见不如怀念。

 

又过了几天，我妹又出门了，结果怎么着？

看到一个被人遗弃的小狗，在1秒的犹豫后，她把这个小家伙塞到了车上，带到了单位。

一天的忙碌后，这个无敌可爱的小家伙居然就被她一个同事喜洋洋的带回家了。

可是我也高兴，因为我看到了它的照片。

真是好狗，和

SNOOPY 有一比。

 

感谢我妹啊。

我喜欢和小动物有这样的缘分。